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Adjective Short Forms and Meaning 1
Distinguish full and short adjective forms and practise common predicative adjectives with their required cases.
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Browse Adjectives practiceQuestion 1
Это ___ задача, и она мне ___ .
English context
Choose the full attributive adjective and the short predicative form: “This is a difficult task, and it is difficult for me.”
Options
- трудна, трудная
- трудная, трудна
- трудную, трудная
- трудное, трудно
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- трудная, трудна
Correct feedback
Correct. «Трудная» modifies «задача»; «трудна» is the short predicate form.
Grammar rule
Full adjectives decline when attributive; short forms are commonly used as predicates and agree in gender and number.
Question 2
Я ___ помочь вам сегодня.
English context
Assume the speaker is male. Choose the short form meaning “I am glad to help you today.”
Options
- рад
- радостный
- радо
- радостен
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- рад
Correct feedback
Right. «Рад» is the masculine singular short form; «рад кому/чему» takes the dative.
Grammar rule
«Рад» is a short-form predicate and commonly takes a dative complement: «рад помочь», «рад встрече».
Question 3
Документы ___ к проверке.
English context
Choose the short form of “ready” agreeing with plural “documents.”
Options
- готовые
- готовы
- готов
- готова
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- готовы
Correct feedback
Correct. The plural short form is «готовы»; «готов к чему» takes the dative.
Grammar rule
«Готов» has short forms готов, готова, готово, готовы; a complement after «к» is dative.
Question 4
Маша ___ подготовкой к экзамену.
English context
Choose the short form meaning “Masha is busy with exam preparation.”
Options
- занятая
- занятый
- занята
- занято
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- занята
Correct feedback
Yes. «Занята» is the feminine short form, and «занят чем» takes the instrumental.
Grammar rule
The short adjective «занят» agrees with its subject and takes the instrumental for the activity or occupation.
Question 5
Студенты ___ сдать работу до пятницы.
English context
Choose the short predicative adjective meaning “The students must submit the assignment by Friday.”
Options
- должные
- должны
- должен
- должна
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- должны
Correct feedback
Correct. «Должны» is the plural short form and is followed here by an infinitive.
Grammar rule
«Должен» is normally used as a short predicative adjective: должен/должна/должно/должны + infinitive.
Question 6
Мне ___ новый пароль для входа.
English context
Choose the form meaning “I need a new password to log in.”
Options
- нужный
- нужна
- нужно
- нужен
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- нужен
Correct feedback
Right. «Пароль» is masculine, so use «нужен»; the person who needs it is in the dative «мне».
Grammar rule
In «кому нужен/нужна/нужно/нужны что», the person is dative and the adjective agrees with the needed thing.
Question 7
После долгой поездки дети были ___ и сразу уснули.
English context
Choose the short form meaning “The children were tired/fatigued after the long trip” (not necessarily exhausted).
Options
- утомлённые
- утомлён
- утомлена
- утомлены
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- утомлены
Correct feedback
Correct. «Утомлены» means “tired/fatigued” here; it does not necessarily mean “exhausted.”
Grammar rule
Short predicative forms agree with the subject; compare full «утомлённые дети» with «дети утомлены».
Question 8
Мой дедушка ___ гриппом и остаётся дома.
English context
Choose the short form meaning “My grandfather is ill with the flu.”
Options
- больной
- больна
- болен
- больно
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- болен
Correct feedback
Yes. «Болен» is the masculine short predicate; «болен чем» takes the instrumental «гриппом».
Grammar rule
The short adjective «болен» describes being ill and commonly takes an instrumental complement for the disease.
Question 9
Эти ___ правила всем ___ .
English context
Choose a full adjective modifying “rules” and a short form meaning “These clear rules are clear to everyone.”
Options
- ясны, ясные
- ясные, ясны
- ясных, ясные
- ясное, ясно
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- ясные, ясны
Correct feedback
Correct. «Ясные» is the full plural form before the noun; «ясны» is the short plural predicate.
Grammar rule
A full form can modify a noun, while a short form commonly predicates a quality of that noun.
Question 10
Девочка ___ победе брата.
English context
Choose the feminine short form meaning “The girl is glad about her brother’s victory.”
Options
- рад
- рада
- радо
- радостная
Accepted answers and explanation
Accepted answers
- рада
Correct feedback
Correct. «Рада» agrees with the feminine subject «девочка»; «рад чему» takes the dative «победе».
Grammar rule
«Рад» has gender/number short forms and takes a dative complement: рад кому/чему.